ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at MARS, UAS, Dharwad, during Late Kharif, 2023 on clayey soil to study the intensification of natural farming through liquid organic manures to bridge yield gap under organic and natural farming in cowpea. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications consists of four main plots viz., Natural farming (NF), Organic farming (OF), Integrated natural farming (INF), Integrated nutrient management practices (INM), sub plots consisting of foliar application of liquid organic manures viz., Vermiwash @ 10 %, Cow urine @ 10 %, Panchagavya @ 5 % + Vermiwash @ 10 % or Cow urine @ 10 % (Starting from 21 DAS at 15 days interval for three times) were compared with two uneven control i.e., RPP (Recommended Package of Practices) and chemical farming. The study revealed that among the different farming practices, INM recorded significantly higher seed yield (1397 kg ha-1) and net returns ( 49852 ha-1) over other farming practices. Among the different liquid organic manures, foliar application of panchagavya @ 5 % + vermiwash @ 10 % or cow urine @ 10 % recorded significantly higher seed yield (1327 kg ha-1) and net returns ( 43812 ha-1) over other foliar sprays. When interactions were compared with RPP and chemical farming, INM with panchagavya @ 5 % + vermiwash @ 10 % or cow urine @ 10 % recorded significantly higher seed yield (1479 kg ha-1) and net returns ( 55481 ha-1) and it was statistically at par with the RPP. INM with panchagavya @ 5 % + vermiwash @ 10 % or cow urine @ 10 % helps in obtaining higher economical and profitable yield of 10.57 per cent over natural farming and this helps in bridging the yield gap up to 10 per cent.