ABSTRACT

This research on tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) genotypes evaluates genetic variability, correlations, and path coefficient analysis to identify traits influencing pod yield and agronomic performance. The study assessed 21 genotypes, revealing significant genetic diversity in traits such as pod yield, pod weight, pulp weight, shell weight, and seed weight key contributors to genetic divergence, with pod yield being the most influential.
Pod weight, pulp weight, and fiber weight, largely controlled by genetic factors, were identified as ideal targets for direct selection in breeding programs. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between pod yield and traits like pod weight, pulp weight, and pod width, indicating their potential for improving yield. However, relying solely on correlation could be misleading due to indirect effects from other traits.Path coefficient analysis revealed that pulp weight, seed weight, shell weight, and fiber weight had strong positive direct effects on yield, making them essential for breeding, while traits like total soluble solids (TSS), seed percentage, and shell percentage showed negative direct effects on yield.
Mahalanobis D² analysis, used to assess genetic divergence, grouped the genotypes into five clusters, highlighting significant genetic diversity. This diversity is critical for selecting genetically diverse parents in breeding programs, ensuring a broad genetic base for future genetic gains.
In summary, the study provides valuable insights into key traits affecting tamarind yield and quality, offering a roadmap for breeders to prioritize traits in selection. The findings lay a foundation for developing high-yielding, quality-enhanced tamarind varieties suited to diverse environmental conditions.